Annotated Bibliography
I decided to do my paper on "Comfort Women" of World War II. These are the sources I found.
Argibay, Carmen M. "Sexual Slavery and the "Comfort Women" of World War II." Berkeley Journal of International Law 21.2 (2003): 375. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article talks about why the comfort system was created and how the comfort women were kidnapped and taken to these facilities were they would serve the Japanese Soldiers or get killed. It describes the way the military excused these crimes by saying that it encourages the Japanese soldiers and brings up their spirit.
Askin, Kelly D. "Comfort women – Shifting shame and stigma from victims to victimizers." International Criminal Law Review 1.1/2 (2001): 5-32. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article examines how comfort women suffered. The article talks how the Japanese Government doesn’t want to take responsibility because it will bring shame to the government. Also, the article has several stories of survivors. The stories include how they were captured and treated, the conditions of the comfort stations and how a lot of comfort women were murdered. Even the murder of a woman was sexualized like by being raped with a broken glass.
Cheah Wui, Ling. "Walking the Long Road in Solidarity and Hope: A Case Study of the "Comfort Women" Movement's Deployment of Human Rights Discourse." Harvard Human Rights Journal 22.1 (2009): 63-107. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article analyzes how survivors came forward and told their stories that for so many years kept to themselves. It talks about the comfort women movement that is trying to get the Japanese State to publicly apologize. Also, how their own people rejected them and forced them to keep silence.
Chih-Chieh, Chou. "An Emerging Transnational Movement in Women's Human Rights: Campaign of Nongovernmental Organizations on "Comfort Women" Issue in East Asia." Journal of Economic & Social Research 5.1 (2003): 153-181. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article examines the efforts of organizations on comfort women issue. Also, the article gave a brief background of comfort women issue during and after World War II. It describes the Japanese Government’s role and how he would react to the issue. The problem was unsolved for all these years because of Japan’s ignorance. In addition, assailants and victims kept silence.
Hein, Laura. "Savage Irony: The Imaginative Power of the 'Military Comfort Women' in the 1990s." Gender & History 11.2 (1999): 336. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article analyses how comfort women were abused and human rights. Also, it examines the comfort system and how it started. The Japanese Government doesn’t want to take blame because he is scared that if he does it will criminalize Japanese masculinity. For that reason he states that comfort women were prostitutes who volunteered.
Hirofumi, Hayashi. "Japanese comfort women in Southeast Asia." Japan Forum 10.2 (1998): 211. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article analyzes how the comfort system was introduced to the military. The system wasn’t unfamiliar to them because they used to use prostitutes. Also, it has a lot of stories of comfort women. A lot of them came from poor families who were promised a good job but instead were taken to the comfort stations were they were sexually abused.
Hyunah, Yang. "Finding the "Map of Memory": Testimony of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery Survivors." positions 16.1 (2008): 79-107. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article examines the reasons why no one talks about the history of the Japanese military sexual system. It describes how the stories of comfort women were published. They actually were interviewed and then it was translated to written English. It describes how many comfort women couldn’t even say the word rape and most of them told a similar story starting how they were captured, how they were mistreated and after the war was over.
Michiko, Nakahara. "'COMFORT WOMEN' IN MALAYSIA." Critical Asian Studies 33.4 (2001): 581. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article examines how Mustapha Yaakub came forward and called them victims to speak out. He received letters from 3,500 people but was kept from submitting his report. This article also has several stories of how girls and women were kidnapped and mistreated in comfort stations.
Nelson, Hank. "The Consolation Unit:." Journal of Pacific History 43.1 (2008): 1-21. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article examines how the Australians knew about the comfort system. They knew there was several comfort. There was a person who worked there by the name of Chouka who helped some women escaped. Also, there were also stories about how the women had to behave to do their job and how some might have gotten infected with diseases.
Varga, Aniko. "National Bodies: The ‘Comfort Women’ Discourse and its Controversies in South Korea." Studies In Ethnicity & Nationalism 9.2 (2009): 287-303. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Oct. 2010.
This article examines the victims of military sexual slavery. The article gives background information of comfort women in World War II. Comfort women issue received little attention in South Korea and it seemed to get more public attention in the 1990s. The issue seems to be unimportant to a lot of people. They thought that it could damage the nation’s pride. The few comfort women that survived feel embarrassed and ashamed. Local police, village notables and school teachers took part the “slave hunt” even if they didn’t know.
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